The effect of competitive and non-competitive environment on learning forehand khaki tennis skills in children 10 to 12 years old and the role of gender in it
1Professor of Motor Behavior / Motor Learning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2M.Sc. Student of Motor Behavior / Motor Learning University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3Assistant Professor of Corrective Movements, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of competitive and non-competitive spaces on learning forehand khaki tennis skills in children aged 5 to 10 years.
Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental research in terms of research method, which consists of four stages: pre-test, acquisition, retention and transfer, in two groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of male and female students aged 10 to 12 years. A statistical sample of 40 primary school students in Tabriz was selected based on the scores obtained in the Competitive Bias Questionnaireand selected in 4 groups . After the pre-test stage, individuals in each group practiced in a competitive and non-competitive atmosphere for 3 weeks and 3 sessions per week and 5 sessions of 5 blocks each. At the end of the acquisition period, immediately after the training efforts, the acquisition test was performed in 1 block of 15 attempts. in the transfer test and in the presence of spectators. After data collection and computer recording, data analysis was performed by independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the rate of acquisition, retention, and transfer of the four groups of girls and boys in a competitive and non-competitive environment. The results showed that in all four groups, the rate of performance in the stage of acquisition, retention, and transfer in the competitive group was more efficient than the non-competitive group. Also in the group of girls and boys in a competitive and non-competitive environment, there is a significant difference between different stages of learning.
Conclusion: Therefore, coaches are advised to pay attention to the type of training environment of learners before training and to create a competitive environment for athletes to improve and improve their performance.
